The protein continues to be built until a stop codon is encountered. The tRNA assembles the protein using the amino acids. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is another type of RNA. ![]() Each sequence of three bases is called a codon, and each codon contains the instructions for one amino acid. Ribosomes reach the mRNA and read the sequence of the bases. The main purpose of the translation process is protein synthesis. Translation occurs in the cell’s cytoplasm. The mRNA contains the information for making a protein and transports the information out of the nucleus and into the cell’s cytoplasm. RNA also contains ribose sugar molecules. RNA is single stranded and contains the nucleotide uracil instead of thymine. RNA is involved in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. The main purpose of the transcription process is to produce and process messenger RNA (mRNA). ![]() Transcription occurs in the cell’s nucleus. Regulation occurs at many points during the transcription and translation processes and involves epigenomic compounds, which are chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and influence gene expression. Gene expression in humans is complex and highly regulated. Gene expression via transcription and translation is a fundamental principle of molecular biology that is often referred to as the central dogma of molecular biology. Gene expression is the phenotypic manifestation of genes by the processes of transcription and translation. The main function of RNA is to produce proteins using a process called protein synthesis, which consists of two phases, transcription and translation. ![]() For RNA, adenine pairs with uracil, while guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine (found in DNA) is not found in RNA it is replaced by uracil. RNA is located in the cell nucleus and is composed of a single strand of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups, along with nitrogen bases (adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is another molecule present in a cell.
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